C

　　Back in the early 1900s, American physician Byron Robinson wrote a book proposing an interesting theory: humans actually have two brains --- one in our heads and the other in our stomachs, and the two “communicate” all the time. Interestingly, in Chinese culture, thoughts are also related to the belly in phrases and idioms like fugao (腹稿, a draft), manfu jinglun (滿腹經綸, a bellyful of ideas), and yiduzi weiqu (一肚子委屈, a bellyful of complaints).

    This may sound a little ridiculous at first. But try to think of a time when you were extremely nervous. Chances are that you also felt uncomfortable in your stomach, didn’t you? This is probably why people use the idiom “butterflies in one’s stomach” to refer to being nervous.

    Now scientists from Canada and the US have found that our guts (腸道), if not as bright as our actual brains, are much more than just where we digest the food we eat. They also affect our emotions and even behavior, all thanks to the bacteria in them, reported Scientific American.

    In the study, scientists fed timid mice stomach bacteria from mice that were more active and daring. After eating the bacteria, the timid mice grew more energetic and fearless. Sure enough, when bold mice got the bacteria from timid ones, they became more anxious. The mice’s behavior also changed when scientists disturbed the bacteria in their guts by changing their diets and feeding them antibiotics (抗生素).

    “If something goes wrong in the gut, that change is reflected in the brain,” Emeran Mayer, a professor at University of California, Los Angeles, told The Huffington Post.

　　The brain-and-gut connection also works in the opposite way. Scientists studied children with autism (自閉癥) --- a mental illness that makes people unable to socialize with others --- and found that they also have a lot of stomach problems. They have fewer types of stomach bacteria and lower totals of a few key bacteria than healthy children.

　　This research raises the possibility that scientists could treat patients with brain problems simply by feeding them the right food, which would be much more efficient than providing psychological therapy (療法).

　　According to CBC News, you can get “good” bacteria that lift your spirits from food like yogurt while “bad” bacteria are usually in high fat and high sugar foods.

65. What is the author’s attitude toward Byron Robinson’s theory of two human brains?

　　A. Unsatisfied.        B. Doubtful.          C. Positive.          D. Negative.

66. The author mentioned the idiom “butterflies in one’s stomach” in the second paragraph to _____.

　　A. describe the symptoms of nervousness

　　B. suggest a connection between our stomach and our emotions

　　C. hint at the danger of nervous feelings

　　D. encourage people to calm down and relax

What’s the closest meaning of the underlined word “bold” in Paragraph 4?

   A. anxious    B. fearless    C. energetic    D. sharp 

68. According to the article, ______.

　　A. people with mental illnesses are more likely to have stomach problems

　　B. the use of antibiotics can turn timid mice into daring ones

　　C. timid mice have fewer types of stomach bacteria than daring mice

　　D. people must consider changing their diets when they feel anxious

69. We can infer from the article that______.

　　A. psychological therapy has never worked before for autistic children

　　B. yogurt is the best solution for anxiety problems

　　C. high fat and high sugar foods are responsible for many mental diseases

　　D. diet changes can lead to mood changes                                         

D

　　There is no denying that over the years college education has been accepted without the slightest doubt. All high school graduates should go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more, become “better” citizens and be more responsible than those who don’t go.

　　But college can never work its magic for everyone. Now with half our high school graduates attending college, those unfit for the pattern are getting more. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the fierce competition for admission into graduate schools. Others find no stimulation (激勵) in their studies, and consequently have to drop out, which is often encouraged by college administrators.

　　Some observers say the fault lies with young people themselves --- they are spoiled and expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation (譴責）of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame our society. Both are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.

　　Some campus watchers suggest that college may not be the best, the proper or the only place for every young person after finishing high school. It seems that through the rosy (玫瑰的) glow of our own college experiences, we may have been looking at those surveys and statistics upside down. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, or quick to learn things—maybe it is just the other way around. Intelligent, ambitious, happy, quick-learning people are merely those who are attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful even without college education. This is heresy (異端邪說) to those who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to pile up.

70. According to the first paragraph, ______.

   A. people now no longer challenge college education

   B. people have great expectations for college education

   C. the author thinks youngsters should all go to college 

   D. people still have a low opinion of college education

71. More young people drop out of college because ______.

   A. they are no longer motivated in their studies

   B. they can start selling shoes and driving taxis   

   C. they compete for admission to graduate schools 

   D. college administrators encourage them to do so

72. Who does the author think is responsible for campus unhappiness?

   A. young students who are all spoiled and expecting too much.

   B. our society that can’t offer enough jobs to college graduates. 

   C. our society that has not enough jobs for high school graduates.

   D. young people as well as our society are to blame for all this.

73. Which of the following statements is TRUE about those surveys and statistics?

   A. They prove high school graduates are smarter than college graduates.

   B. They are so convincing that we think of our rosy college experiences.

   C. They may have been misread because of our rosy college experiences.

   D. They prove wrong because they contradict our rosy college experiences.

74. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4? 

   A. It is just the opposite          B. There is no right way

   C. It is the wrong way           D. There’s no other way

75. What is the main purpose of this passage?

   A. To inform young people college education is no longer important now.

   B. To prove college education doesn’t make young people more intelligent.

   C. To argue against the idea that college is the first choice for all youngsters.

   D. To tell young people that there’s something wrong with college education.
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